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研究了三辛胺萃取酸过程的机理,得到三辛胺与强酸生成离子缔合型萃合物,与弱酸生成分子型萃合物。对强酸需要克服水化作用,其萃取能力小于弱酸,其分配比与酸根离子的离子势有关。萃取弱酸时,分配比与酸分子的大小和性质有关。萃取弱酸的稀释剂效应显著,可使分配比提高30～70倍。三辛胺对羧酸的萃取能力取决于萃合物与稀释剂的相互作用能力及其在稀释剂中的疏溶作用,相互作用能力越强,疏溶作用越弱,越有利于萃取。
The mechanism of extracting acid by trioctylamine was studied. Trioctylamine and strong acid were obtained as ion-association extractives and molecular-type complexes with weak acids. Strong acid need to overcome the hydration, its extraction capacity is less than the weak acid, its distribution ratio and ion potential of acid ions. When extracting weak acids, the distribution ratio is related to the size and nature of the acid molecules. Extract weak acid thinner effect significantly, can improve the distribution ratio of 30 to 70 times. The ability of trioctylamine to extract carboxylic acid depends on its ability to interact with the diluent and its ability to dissolve in the diluent. The stronger the interaction is, the weaker the solubility is and the better the extraction is.