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有性杂交育种是选育花生新品种的常规手段。根据生产需要,明确育种目标,有目的地选配亲本,在杂交后代中定向选择,就可以选育出早熟、丰产、优质、抗病的花生新品种。一、杂交亲本的种植方法花生是豆科落花生属草本植物。植株较矮,开花部位低,平地种植,杂交时操作困难。为便于操作,母本可以采用高垅种植,种于垅顶,父本平作。我所的具体做法是:垅底宽3尺,在垅的一侧挖宽1.5尺、深1尺左右的沟,取此土作成高1尺,顶宽1尺的高垅,挨着沟种2—3行父本(见图)。这样既便于操作又便于摄取父本花粉。
Sexual breeding breeding is a common method for breeding new varieties of peanut. According to the needs of production, the objectives of breeding are clearly defined, the parents are purposefully selected, and the new varieties of early peanut, high yield, high quality and disease-resistant peanut can be bred by directional selection among hybrids. First, the method of planting hybrid parents Peanut is legume Arachis herb. Plant shorter, flowering parts of the low, planted ground, difficult to operate when hybridization. In order to facilitate the operation, the female parent can be planted with high leaves, planted in the top, father flat for. My practice is: 垅 bottom 3 feet wide, digging in the side of the 1.5 1.5 feet, about 1 foot deep ditch, take this soil made of 1 foot high, 1 meter wide and 1 meter high ridge next to the ditch species 2-3 paternity (see photo). This is both easy to operate and easy to take parental pollen.