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南水北调工程是迄今为止世界上最大的水利工程,是优化我国水资源配置的重大战略性基础设施。从1952年10月毛泽东同志视察黄河时首次提出南水北调的伟大设想,到1992年10月党的十四大把南水北调列入我国跨世纪骨干工程,再到2002年12月南水北调工程正式开工,历经50余年的规划设计、科学论证和反复比选,最终形成南水北调工程总体规划和东、中、西三条调水线路工程实施方案。通过兴建南水北调工程,实现东、中、西三条调水线路与长江、淮河、黄河和海河四大江河的联系,构成“四横三纵”的中国大水网总体布局,实现水资源南北调配、东西互济,十分有利于在更广范围内进行水资源优化配置。工程建成后总调水规模448亿m~3,几乎相当于新增加一条黄河,对缓解我国北方地区水资源短缺局面,改善生态环境,提高人民群众生活水平,增强综合国力,都具有十分重大的意义。
The South-to-North Water Diversion Project is by far the largest water project in the world and is a major strategic infrastructure for optimizing the allocation of water resources in China. From October 1952 when Comrade Mao Zedong inspected the Yellow River for the first time put forward the great vision of the South-to-North Water Diversion. By October 1992, the 14th National Party Congress of the Party included the South-to-North Water Diversion Project in China’s cross-century backbone project and officially started the project of South-North Water Diversion in December 2002. After 50 Planning and design for years and scientific demonstration and repeated comparison and selection eventually led to the overall planning of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project and the implementation plan of the three water diversion routes in the east, middle and west regions. Through the construction of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, the links between the three eastern, central and western water transfer lines and the four major rivers of the Yangtze River, Huaihe River, Yellow River and Haihe River will be established to form the overall layout of the “four large and three vertical” large-scale water networks in China, What is mutually beneficial, is very conducive to the optimal allocation of water resources in a wider context. After the completion of the project, the total water transfer scale is 44.8 billion m 3, which is almost equivalent to adding a new Yellow River. It is very important for alleviating the shortage of water resources in the northern part of China, improving the ecological environment, improving people’s living standards and enhancing overall national strength significance.