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目的探讨沙漠尘致尘肺的危险性大小。方法 2012、2013年春季,在和田市、新疆建设兵团农十四师224团场、一牧场、皮山农场现场于沙尘暴期间使用AFC-20A型粉尘采样器采集不同风速下的粉尘样品,根据《工作场所空气中粉尘测定》(GBZ/T 192.1-2–2007)测定总粉尘(TSP,粒径小于100μm)及呼吸性粉尘(RSP,粒径小于10μm)浓度;收集沙尘暴过后8 h内降尘并采集受试地区沙漠原沙,根据《工作场所空气中粉尘测定》(GBZ/T 192.3–2007),测其SiO2(F)含量和分散度;对沙尘暴多发区的风沙尘肺的患病情况进行流行病学调查。结果新疆建设兵团农十四师居民长期生活在游离SiO2(F)日均浓度(30%~40%)较高的空气环境中。2012—2013年人群尘肺调查结果发现尘肺患者共3例,可疑风沙尘肺患者共7例,平均年龄为48.1岁,男4例,女6例;3例确诊风沙尘肺患者均为I期。结论沙尘暴粉尘为高SiO2(F)含量、高分散度粉尘可导致其对人类潜在危害性的加大,吸入人体的粉尘具有潜在的致肺纤维化性的危险,居民肺功能状态及肺通气功能损害随接尘时间增加而增多。
Objective To investigate the risk of pneumoconiosis in desert dust. Methods In the spring of 2012 and the spring of 2013, dust samples were collected at different wind speeds using AFC-20A dust sampler during the dust storms at 224 Farm, Farm 14, Farmers Field, Xinjiang Farm Corps, Hetian and Pisha Farm. Determination of total dust (TSP, particle size less than 100μm) and respirable dust (RSP, particle size less than 10μm) concentration in the workplace airborne dust determination (GBZ / T 192.1-2-2007) The desert raw sand in the test area was collected. The content of SiO2 (F) and the dispersity of the sand were measured according to GBZ / T 192.3-2007. The prevalence of wind-blown pneumoconiosis Surveying. Results Xinjiang Construction Corps farmers fourteen division residents long-term life in free SiO2 (F) average daily average concentration (30% to 40%) higher air environment. In the 2012-2013 pneumoconiosis survey, there were 3 cases of pneumoconiosis, 7 cases of suspected pneumoconiosis, with an average age of 48.1 years, 4 males and 6 females, and 3 cases of pneumoconiosis who were diagnosed as pneumoconiosis. Conclusions Sand dust dust is a high content of SiO2 (F). Highly dispersible dust can lead to its potential harm to human beings. The dust inhaled has the potential risk of pulmonary fibrosis, lung function status and pulmonary ventilation function Damage increases with dusting time.