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目的分析湛江市2004年流行性乙型脑炎(简称乙脑)的流行原因和特征,对乙脑疫苗纳入计划免疫的控制措施进行探讨。方法流行病学个案调查情况,结合临床初步诊断和实验室血清学确诊结果进行综合分析。结果共发生确诊病例45例(其中实验室确诊44例,临床确诊1例),发病率为0.63/10万;死亡2例,病死率为4.4%;发病高峰在5月下旬至6月上旬,共发病35例,占77.8%;发病年龄最小5月龄,最大11岁,10岁以下儿童44例,占97.8%;未免疫及免疫史不详者41例,占91.1%。结论免疫空白和免疫不全程是发病的主要原因,计划免疫工作仍存在薄弱环节,没形成可靠的免疫屏障,未能完全控制疫情。
Objective To analyze the epidemic causes and characteristics of Japanese encephalitis (JE) in 2004 in Zhanjiang City and to discuss the control measures of incorporating the JE vaccine into the planned immunization. Methods Epidemiological case investigation, combined with clinical diagnosis and laboratory serology confirmed the results of a comprehensive analysis. Results A total of 45 confirmed cases (including 44 laboratory confirmed cases and 1 clinically confirmed case) were diagnosed. The incidence rate was 0.63 / 100 000; 2 died and the case fatality rate was 4.4%; the peak incidence peak was in late May to early June, A total of 35 cases, accounting for 77.8%; the youngest age of 5 months, the largest 11 years old, 44 children under 10 years of age, accounting for 97.8%; 41 cases of unknown immunization and immune history, accounting for 91.1%. Conclusions The immune blank and immune insufficiency is the main cause of the disease. There are still some weak links in the planned immunization work, no reliable immune barrier and no complete control of the epidemic.