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本文以我国优秀体操运动员为研究对象,对弧形上转体180°成支撑的技术原理进行了生物力学分析。其基本动作要领和主要运动学参数如下:一、身体开始后倒时肩角约为60°旋转半径约为0.4m.0.17秒以后肩角逐渐增大。至第一阶段结束时约为100°。旋转半径为0.6m,重心角速度为6.91弧度/秒,为完成动作储备了足够的机械能。二、伴随肩角逐渐增大的同时,髋关节角度由180°迅速减小,踝关节通过握点向后运动。至第一阶段结束时髋角为24°。身体尽量折紧,为完成动作储备肌肉能量。三、身体重心摆过垂直面后。迅速向前上方伸髋,送腿(踝关节与杠前水平面约成70°角),髋角由小猛然增大,踝关节角速度上升到12.56弧度/秒。带动整个身体快速上升。此时两臂用力压杠。肩角保持100°不变。为迅速伸髋建立牢固的支点。四、在髖关节接近伸直时,两腿予先向左侧转动。接着右手松杠,左臂向后压杠,髋关节完全伸直加速转体90°两手在0.17秒依次换握成屈臂支撑。身体重心比开始升高0.34m。然后继续转体伸直两臂成文撑姿势。
In this paper, excellent gymnasts in China as the research object, on the arc of 180 ° into a rotating body to support the technical principles of biomechanical analysis. The basic essentials and the main kinematic parameters are as follows: First, the body began to fall when the shoulder angle of about 60 ° rotation radius of about 0.4m.0.17 seconds later the shoulder angle increases. By the end of the first phase was about 100 °. Rotating radius of 0.6m, the center of gravity angular velocity of 6.91 radians / second, to complete the action reserve sufficient mechanical energy. Second, with the gradual increase in shoulder angle at the same time, the angle of the hip decreased rapidly from 180 °, the ankle moved backwards through the hold point. The hip angle was 24 ° until the end of the first phase. Body as tight as possible, to complete the action reserve muscle energy. Third, the body center of gravity after the vertical plane. Extend the hips quickly to the front and deliver the legs (the ankle is about 70 ° to the front of the bar). The hip angle increases sharply from small to slightly increased, and the ankle angular velocity increases to 12.56 rad / sec. Bring the whole body up quickly. At this point forced both arms bar. Shoulder angle to maintain 100 ° unchanged. Establish a solid pivot for rapid hip extension. Fourth, when the hip joint straight, his legs to the left before the rotation. Then the right hand loose bar, left arm back pressure bar, the hip straight extension to accelerate completely 90 ° hands in 0.17 seconds in turn for the hold arm support. The body center of gravity than the beginning 0.34m. Then continue to swivel his arms straight Wencheng posture.