腹泻是婴幼儿常见病,多发病,在发展中国家每年预计近13亿5岁以下儿童罹患此病,几乎有4百万死于此病,发病的年龄多数在6个月～2岁之间(1990年克拉逊和默森报道)。自从世界卫生组织提出《控制腹泻方案》以来,已在全世界进行了宣传推广。各个国家相继贯彻落实,把控制腹泻的重点放在改善患儿的管理上。具体措施包括:母乳喂养的倡导,改进断奶的办法等。一、母乳喂养既可随时掌握小儿的一般状况,又可减少腹泻的发生与死亡实施《方案》的实践证明:不管在任何环境条件下,只要采取母乳喂养儿童,均会收到明显效果。各国越来越清楚地认识到倡导母乳喂养儿童对控制腹泻是一项重要贡献。世界卫生组织决定,将母乳喂养确定为防止腹泻的一项 Diarrhea is a common and frequently occurring disease in infants and young children. In developing countries, it is estimated that nearly 1.3 billion children under the age of 5 suffer from this disease each year. Almost 4 million die of this disease. The majority of those aged from 6 months to 2 years old (Reported by Clarson and Meurson in 1990). Since the World Health Organization put forward the “Diarrhea Control Program,” the campaign has been carried out all over the world. Various countries have been implementing, to control diarrhea focus on improving the management of children. Specific measures include: advocacy of breastfeeding, weaning methods and so on. First, breastfeeding can keep abreast of the general condition of infants while reducing the incidence and mortality of diarrhea. The practice of implementing the “program” has proved that no matter what the environmental conditions, breastfeeding children will receive significant results. Countries are increasingly aware that advocating for breastfeeding children is an important contribution to controlling diarrhea. WHO decided to identify breastfeeding as a prevention of diarrhea