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背景:有关腓肠神经营养血管远端蒂皮瓣的血管分布特点缺少具体可操作性的研究。目的:探讨腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣远端蒂的血管分布规律,为临床足部损伤修复的术式设计提供解剖学依据。设计:单一样本研究。单位:解放军南京军区福州总医院军区临床解剖学研究中心,解放军第九十七医院骨科。对象:32侧经动脉灌注红色乳胶成人下肢标本(由解放军南京军区临床解剖学研究中心提供)。方法:解剖观测远端蒂部的血管来源和小隐静脉深交通支。主要观察指标:①远端蒂腓肠神经的营养血管。②远端蒂小隐静脉的营养血管。③远端蒂小隐静脉的浅深交通支。结果:远端蒂部的营养血管有2～5支:来自跟外侧动脉穿支、腓动脉终末穿支外径分别为(0.6±0.2),(0.8±0.2)mm,距外踝尖上分别为(1.0±1.3),(2.8±1.0)cm;腓动脉肌间隔穿支0～3支,出现率依次为96.7%,66.7%和20.0%,外径分别为(0.9±0.3),(1.0±0.2)和(0.8±0.4)mm,距外踝尖上分别为(5.3±2.1),(6.8±2.8)和(7.0±4.0)cm。远端蒂中的小隐静脉营养血管来源有两种类型,①神经-静脉营养血管;②静脉-神经营养血管。小隐静脉浅深交通支距外踝尖上(3.4±0.9)cm,外径(1.7±0.5)mm,汇入腓静脉。结论:跟外侧动脉穿支、腓动脉终末穿支及腓动脉肌间隔穿支发出深筋膜支、皮支、神经及静脉营
BACKGROUND: Vascular distribution characteristics of the distal pedicel pedicel of sural neurocutaneous vessels lack specific operational studies. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the distribution of vessels in the distal pedicel of sural neurovascular flap and provide anatomic evidence for the surgical design of clinical foot injury repair. Design: Single Sample Study. Unit: PLA Military Hospital of Nanjing Military Region Fuzhou General Hospital Clinical Anatomy Research Center, People’s Liberation Army ninety-seventh hospital orthopedics. PARTICIPANTS: Thirty-two adult adult lower limbs infused with red latex through the artery (provided by the Clinical Anatomy Center, Nanjing Military Region, People’s Liberation Army). Methods: Anatomical observation of distal pedicle of vascular origin and deep saphenous vein branch. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① distal pedicled sural nerve nutrition vessels. ② distal pedicle saphenous vein nutrition vessels. ③ distal pedicle saphenous vein shallow traffic branch. Results: There were 2 to 5 vegetative vessels in the distal peduncles. The diameter of perforator from the posterolateral artery was (0.6 ± 0.2) and (0.8 ± 0.2) mm, respectively, from the lateral malleolus (1.0 ± 1.3) and (2.8 ± 1.0) cm respectively. The peroneal perforating branches of the peroneal artery were observed in 0-3 branches with the appearance rates of 96.7%, 66.7% and 20.0%, and the outer diameters were (0.9 ± 0.3) and ± 0.2, and 0.8 ± 0.4 mm, respectively, and were (5.3 ± 2.1), (6.8 ± 2.8) and (7.0 ± 4.0) cm from the lateral malleolus, respectively. There are two types of nutrient vessels in distal saphenous vein: ①Nerve-vein nutrient vessels; ②Ve vein-neurotrophic vessels. Small saphenous vein shallow traffic branch from the lateral malleolus tip (3.4 ± 0.9) cm, diameter (1.7 ± 0.5) mm, into the perianal vein. CONCLUSIONS: Deep fascia, cutaneous branches, nerves and veins are perforated with the perforator of the lateral artery, the terminal perforation of peroneal artery and the intermuscular septum peroneal artery