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自1977年由Rizzetto首次在意大利南部发现肝炎抗原以来,对它的认识已迅速扩展。这种新的肝内抗原(δ)及其在血液中的抗体(抗-δ)仅见于HBsAg阳性者。黑猩猩对δ亦是易感的。使用目前的放射免疫测定技术能检出δ抗原与抗体。δ因子为一个35～37nm的缺陷病毒,由HBsAg外壳包裹着一个携带δ抗原的核构成。δ基因组(genome)为低分子量的RNA(5.5×10~5道尔顿,1,750个碱基),它不含与宿主同源的核蛋白体RNA(ribosomal RNA,rRNA)或HBV DNA,δ因子的装配需要依赖于HBsAg的合成,它的复制与表达亦需要HBV(或其它嗜肝DNA病毒)的协助。因此,δ因子只能感染HBsAg阳性的人。HBsAg阳性者在加杂δ感染后,为了复制与表达δ而使肝内与
It has grown rapidly since 1977 when Rizzetto first discovered hepatitis antigens in southern Italy. This new intrahepatic antigen (δ) and its antibody in the blood (anti-δ) are found only in HBsAg-positive individuals. Chimpanzees are also susceptible to δ. The use of current radioimmunoassay techniques can detect δ antigen and antibody. The delta factor is a 35- to 37-nm defective virus that consists of a core carrying the delta antigen surrounded by the HBsAg coat. The delta genome is a low-molecular weight RNA (5.5 × 10 ~ 5 Daltons, 1,750 bases) that is free of host-derived ribosomal RNA (rRNA) or HBV DNA, δ-factor Of the assembly depends on the synthesis of HBsAg, its replication and expression also need HBV (or other hepadnavirus) assistance. Therefore, factor delta can only infect HBsAg-positive individuals. After HBsAg positive infection with δ infection, in order to replicate and express δ intrahepatic and