论文部分内容阅读
科斯(Coase)的方法论主导着法律经济学和制度经济学的研究。要理解科斯方法论必须首先区别科斯的法律经济学与波斯纳(Posner)的法律的经济分析。其次,科斯定理的重要性在于它动摇了庇古(Pigou)体系,同时是分析具有正交易成本的现实世界的起点,而非大多数法学家和经济学家所理解的参照系。科斯的方法论包括层层递进的四个方面:我们应该研究真实世界的制度,特别是法律制度;法律制度或者经济政策的参照系不是理想世界:现实可供我们选择的制度是丰富的;制度优劣的标准在于制度的实际效果。社会连续性理论为科斯方法论提供了理论基础,按照社会连续性理论,社会是连续的,制度也是连续的,制度应该与社会状态是一一对应关系。然而考虑到如此设置制度的成本是巨大的,我们不可能也不应该对每一种情况设定一种制度,现实中的制度表现为科斯所说的制度多样性。无论从认知上还是制度上,科斯都是采取不偏不倚的适中原则,各就各位,各得其所,从而实现现实约束条件下的最优。所以,科斯方法论是实效主义经济学方法论,科斯经济学是中庸经济学。
The methodology of Coase dominates the study of law and institutional economics. It is important to understand that Coase’s methodology must first distinguish between Coase’s legal economics and the economic analysis of Posner’s law. Second, the importance of Coase’s theorem is that it shakes the Pigou system and is the starting point for analyzing the real world with positive transaction costs, rather than the frame of reference that most jurisprudence and economists understand. Coase’s methodology includes four layers of progressive: we should study the real-world system, especially the legal system; legal system or economic policy frame of reference is not the ideal world: the reality of the system we can choose is rich; system The pros and cons of the standard is the actual effect of the system. The theory of social continuity provides the theoretical basis for Coase’s methodology. According to the theory of social continuity, the society is continuous and the system is continuous. The system should be in one-to-one correspondence with the social state. However, considering that the cost of setting up such a system is huge, we can not and should not set a system for every situation. The actual system shows as the diversity of systems that Coase put it. In terms of both cognition and institution, Coase adopted an impartial principle of fairness, and each one took his own place and achieved his best under the realistic constraints. Therefore, Coase methodology is the methodology of pragmatic economics, Coase economics is the golden mean.