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目的:了解河南省不同地域农村留守妇女艾滋病知识、态度及行为现状,为艾滋病健康教育及预防控制提供科学依据。方法:应用《农村留守妇女艾滋病知识、态度及行为》问卷调查表对河南省不同地域外出打工较集中的商城县、固始县和新蔡县的1 800例留守妇女进行调查。结果:不同地域留守妇女艾滋病传播途径的认知水平略有不同,但总体认知率已达到73%以上:艾滋病非传播途径和预防措施:除与感染者握手略高外,对社交性接吻、与感染者共餐/共游泳、蚊子叮咬总体认知率低于35%;3县的留守妇女对预防措施的总体认知率虽然已达到76.6%,但在夫妻生活中只有2.4%的人使用安生套,97.6%从不使用,95.7%的夫妻性生活是丈夫决定的,而留守妇女自愿参加艾滋病咨询检测率仅占3.2%,这使得许多留守妇女对从城市打工回来的丈夫带回的艾滋病病毒感染风险毫无防范。结论:不同地域的留守妇女对艾滋病认知现状略有不同,对艾滋病防护意识普遍较差,安全套使用率极低,存在发生艾滋病高危性行为的可能性,急需政府部门采取有效措施,以保护留守妇女的健康。
Objective: To understand the HIV status, attitude and behaviors of left behind women in rural areas in Henan Province, and provide scientific evidences for AIDS health education and prevention and control. Methods: A questionnaire was used to survey 1 800 left-behind women in Shangcheng County, Gushi County and Xin Cai County where Henan Province migrated more workers in different areas. Results: The cognitive level of HIV transmission among left behind women in different regions is slightly different, but the overall recognition rate has reached over 73%. HIV / AIDS non-transmission ways and preventive measures: In addition to shaking hands with infected persons slightly, Sharing meals / swimming with infected persons, the overall awareness rate of mosquito bites was less than 35%. Although the overall awareness of preventive measures among left-behind women in 3 counties reached 76.6%, only 2.4% of them lived in couples Sleeves, 97.6% never used, 95.7% of husband and wife sex life is determined by the husband, and left-behind women voluntarily participate in HIV counseling and testing rate of only 3.2%, which makes many left-behind women brought back from the city to work her husband AIDS No risk of virus infection. Conclusion: Left-behind women living in different regions have slightly different cognitive status on AIDS, poor awareness of AIDS prevention and very low condom use rate, and the possibility of high-risk sexual behaviors of AIDS. Therefore, government departments should take effective measures to protect left-behind Women’s health.