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一、概况 (一)近期黄河水沙变化情况半个世纪以来,由于黄河流域自然条件的变化以及社会经济开发建设的影响,引起黄河来水来沙的减少和时空分布上发生了很大的变化。50、60年代黄河水沙较丰,70、80年代即逐渐减少,进入90年代以来,黄河来水急剧减少,花园口站1990～1998年年均水、沙量分别为262亿m~3和7.08亿t,比50、60年代减少了约一半,其中汛期来水由约占60%减少到约占45%,而汛期来沙仍约占83%,不利于河道水流排沙。由于下游沿程引水,1990～1998年进入我省利津站年均水、沙量分别为149亿m~3和4.13亿t,比花园口站分别减少了43%和42%。由于黄
I. General Situation (I) Recent Changes of Yellow River Water and Sediment Since half a century, due to the change of natural conditions in the Yellow River Basin and the impact of social and economic development and construction, the reduction and spatiotemporal distribution of incoming and outgoing water from the Yellow River have undergone great changes . In the 1950s and 1960s, the water and sediment of the Yellow River were relatively abundant, decreasing gradually in the 1970s and 1980s. Since the 1990s, the incoming water of the Yellow River dropped sharply. The average annual water volume of Huayuankou Station from 1990 to 1998 was 26.2 billion m 3 708 million tons, a decrease of about half compared with that in the 1950s and 1960s. In the flood season, the incoming water decreased from about 60% to about 45%, while in the flood season it still accounted for about 83%, which was unfavorable to the river sediment discharge. As a result of the diversion of water along the downstream, the average annual water intake of Lijin station in our province between 1990 and 1998 was 14.9 billion m 3 and 413 million t, respectively, down 43% and 42% respectively from Huayuankou Station. Due to yellow