传染病的控制与消灭涉及许多学科,包括生物学和社会经济等方面。生物学控制水平有三个方面:第一,临床疾病的控制,如发病率、致残率和病死率;第二,感染本身的控制,包括临床的和无症状的感染;第三,环境中的致病因子及其传播的控制。在传染病可能消灭之前所有这三个水平均需在全球范围内完成。控制也有地理性等级,如局部、地区、一个国家、一个大陆及全球范围。Stuart-Harris在他所下的定义中将这些概念概括为“一种感染的消灭是指这种感染在世界上所有国家消失,因为已永远阻断了这种病因因子的传播。”他用“消除”(elimination)这个词是指“传播从一定的区域内消失,一个国家或一个大陆不再有感 The control and elimination of infectious diseases involve many disciplines, including biology and socio-economic aspects. There are three aspects to the level of biological control: first, control of clinical diseases such as morbidity, morbidity and mortality; second, control of the infection itself, including clinical and asymptomatic infections; and third, Pathogenic factors and their control of transmission. All three of these levels need to be done on a global scale before an infectious disease may be eliminated. Control also has a geographical level, such as local, regional, one country, one continent and the world. Stuart-Harris outlined in his definition that “the elimination of an infection means that the infection has disappeared in all countries of the world because it has permanently blocked the transmission of that etiology.” He used the term “ The word ”elimination“ means ”the disappearance of a certain area, the loss of a nation or a continent