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概论 1973及1979年相继爆发的能源危机使能源问题成为举世矚目的重大问题。许多国家一方面努力增加能源生产,积极开发新能源,一方面大力加强节能工作。实践证明:节能是近期内克服能源危机、保证经济持续发展的最直接而又经济的有效措施,誉之为第五能源实当之无愧。如欧洲经济共同体九国通过节能,1980年比1979年少耗6300万吨标煤,能源消耗降低4.5％,而国民生产总值却增长1.3％。美国
Introduction The energy crisis that erupted in 1973 and 1979 successively made the issue of energy a major issue attracting worldwide attention. Many countries, on the one hand, work hard to increase energy production and actively develop new energy sources. On the one hand, they vigorously step up energy conservation. Practice has proved that energy-saving is the most direct and economical effective measure to overcome the energy crisis and ensure the sustained economic development in the near future. It is a well-deserved fifth energy. For instance, in the nine countries of the European Economic Community that passed energy conservation, consumption of 63 million tons less standard coal in 1980 than in 1979 reduced energy consumption by 4.5% while its GNP increased by 1.3%. United States