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1.1 区间估计无论是现场调查,实验研究,还是临床试验,往往都要根据样本去推论总体。总体的情形由参数(均值、方差等)来刻画。对总体参数作判断的基本统计方法有:点估计、区间估计和显著性检验(参见上一讲)。点估计(point esfimates)是指用数轴上的一个点(即一个数值)去估计总体参数的水平。例如,用样本均数去估计总体均数,用样本的患病率去估计总体的患病率。区间估计(interval estimates)是用两
1.1 Interval estimation Whether it is an on-site survey, an experimental study, or a clinical trial, it is often necessary to infer the population from the sample. The overall situation is characterized by parameters (mean, variance, etc.). The basic statistical methods used to judge the overall parameters are: point estimation, interval estimation, and significance test (see the previous lecture). Point esfimates refer to the use of a point on the axis (ie, a value) to estimate the level of the overall parameter. For example, use the sample mean to estimate the population mean, and use the prevalence of the sample to estimate the overall prevalence. Interval estimates are two