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目的:探讨情绪词语对摔跤运动员心理表象任务影响的行为特征及事件相关电位特点。方法:研究对象为24名二级以上摔跤运动员,从汉语情感词系统中选取积极词语和消极词语各40个作为情绪启动材料,心理旋转任务为旋转的字母R。脑电记录采用事件相关电位技术(ERPs)。结果:(1)随着字母R旋转角度的增加,反应时逐渐增大(P<0.01),正确率逐渐减小(P<0.01);(2)Cz电极的P300峰潜伏期显著小于其他三个电极位置(P<0.01),Pz与Cz的P300峰波幅分别显著大于P4与P3处(P<0.05);(3)积极词语诱导条件的P300峰潜伏期显著短于消极词语诱导条件(P<0.05)。结论:(1)摔跤运动员在两种情绪条件下:随着旋转角度的增加,反应时逐渐增加而正确率逐渐下降;在心理表象过程中,脑部顶叶靠近枕区的激活速度与加工速度慢于中央区,且脑中央区位置付出了较多的认知负荷。(2)积极情绪词语有助于提高摔跤运动员在心理表象过程中的空间认知加工与转换速度,提示在平时训练过程中教练员应多使用积极性词语进行暗示,以提高运动员的运动竞技表现。
Objective: To explore the behavioral characteristics and event-related potentials of emotional words on wrestling athletes’ mental appearance tasks. Methods: Twenty-four wrestlers above the second class level were studied. Forty-four positive and negative words were selected from the Chinese emotional word system as emotion starting materials, and the mental rotation task was the rotated letter R. EEG recording uses event-related potentials (ERPs). Results: (1) The response time increased gradually with the rotation angle of letter R (P <0.01), and the correct rate decreased gradually (P <0.01). (2) The peak latency of P300 in Cz electrode was significantly less than that in the other three P300 peak amplitude of Pz and Cz were significantly greater than that of P4 and P3 (P <0.05); (3) P300 peak latency of positive word induction was significantly shorter than negative word induction (P <0.05) ). Conclusion: (1) Wrestlers under two emotional conditions: the reaction time gradually increases and the accuracy rate decreases gradually with the increase of rotation angle; in the process of psychological representation, the activation speed and processing speed Slower than the central area, and the central area of the brain to pay more cognitive load. (2) Positive emotive words help to improve the speed of wrestling athletes’ spatial cognition processing and conversion in the process of psychological representation. It is suggested that coaches should use more positive words to make suggestions in order to improve the athletic performance of athletes.