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妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)是指妊娠期发生或首次发现的不同程度的糖代谢异常,可能包括一部分妊娠前已患有糖尿病但未诊断的患者。由于诊断方法和研究人群不同,各国报道的GDM发病率为1%~14%[1],我国为1.31%~3.75%[2],居世界第2位。葡萄糖耐量受损(IGT)是未达糖尿病诊断标准的高血糖状态,称糖尿病前期。GDM可导致妊娠高血压综合征、巨大儿、新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征等母儿并发症。近年来,GDM母儿预后有所改善,但如果妊
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) refers to various degrees of glucose metabolism abnormalities that occur or are first discovered during pregnancy, and may include some patients who have had diabetes before pregnancy without diagnosis. Due to different diagnostic methods and study population, the incidence of GDM reported in various countries ranges from 1% to 14% [1], and from 1.31% to 3.75% in China [2], ranking the 2nd in the world. Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT) is a non-diabetic diagnosis of hyperglycemia, said pre-diabetes. GDM can lead to pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome, macrosomia, neonatal respiratory distress syndrome and other maternal complications. In recent years, GDM maternal and child outcomes have improved, but if pregnant