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褪黑素呈典型的昼夜节律合成分泌 ,褪黑素激素水平的变化是 2 4h生物钟的探针。褪黑素合成分泌受光 /暗循环、视上核以及褪黑素合成过程中的底物血清素 (STN)、两个限速酶N 乙酰转移酶 (NAT)和羟吲哚 氧 甲基转移酶 (HIOMT)昼夜节律变化的调控 ;松果体腺内STN浓度戏剧性节律波动是由NAT浓度在昼夜间的较大波动所引起 (NAT夜间峰值是白昼低谷的 5 0 10 0倍 )。褪黑素的节律合成分泌与HPA轴所控制的激素 (ACTH和皮质醇 )所呈现昼夜节律性恰好相反 ,褪黑素可能与减少皮质激素分泌总量和增加糖皮质激素反馈调节敏感性有关 ;外源性褪黑素保护实验性糖尿病动物可能与抗氧化应激作用有关。
Melatonin is a typical circadian synthesis and secretion, melatonin levels change 24 h biological clock probe. Melatonin synthesis secretes a number of substrates such as serotonin (STN), two rate-limiting enzyme N-acetyltransferases (NATs), and oxindoloxymethyltransferases (OTs) during the light / dark cycle, supraoptic nucleus and melatonin synthesis (HIOMT). The dramatic rhythm fluctuations of STN concentration in the pineal gland were caused by large fluctuations in the concentration of NAT during daytime and nighttime (the peak nighttime of NAT was 5010 times higher than that of daytime). Melatonin rhythmic synthesis and secretion and HPA axis controlled hormones (ACTH and cortisol) circadian rhythms appear exactly the opposite, melatonin may be related to reducing the total amount of corticosteroid secretion and increased glucocorticoid feedback regulation sensitivity; Exogenous melatonin protect experimental diabetic animals may be related to anti-oxidative stress.