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Aim:To investigate the outcomes for Asian populations with locally advanced/clinical stage Ⅲ prostate cancer(PCa)treated with currently prevailing modalities.Methods:We reviewed the record of 209 patients with clinical stage ⅢPCa,who were treated at Niigata Cancer Center Hospital between 1992 and 2003.Treatment options included hor-mone therapy-combined radical prostatectomy(RP+HT),hormone therapy-combined external beam irradiation(EBRT+HT)and primary hormone therapy(PHT).Results:The 5-and 10-year overall survival rates were 80.3%and 46.1% in all cohorts,respectively.The survival rates were 87.3% and 66.5% in the RP+HT group,94.9% and70.0% in the EBRT+HT group and 66.1% and 17.2% in the PHT group,respectively.A significant survival advantagewas found in the EBRT+HT group compared with that in the PHT group(P<0.0001).Also,the RP+HT group hadbetter survival than the PHT group(P=0.0107).The 5-and 10-year disease-specific survival rates for all cases were92.5% and 80.0%,respectively.They were 93.8% and 71.4% in the RP+HT group,96.6% and 93.6% in theEBRT+HT group and 88.6% and 62.3% in the PHT group,respectively.A survival advantage was found in theEBRT+HT group compared with the PHT group(P=0.029).No significant difference was found in disease-specificsurvival between the EBRT+HT and RP+HT groups or between the RP+HT and PHT groups.Conclusion:Althoughour findings indicate that radiotherapy plus HT has a survival advantage in this stage of PCa,we recommend therapiesthat take into account the patients’social and medical conditions for Asian men with clinical stage Ⅲ PCa.(Asian JAndrol 2006 Sep;8:555-561)