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支撑液膜是一种结合膜材料与萃取体系的高效率分离技术。然而在使用过程中,溶剂与萃取载体从多孔支撑体中流失和多孔膜材料在有机相载体中不稳定,导致支撑液膜通量的衰减或选择性降低,支撑液膜表现为不稳定,目前尚未见工业化的成功案例。本文简要介绍了支撑液膜不稳定机理,从膜材料角度,综述了提高支撑液膜稳定性的方法。重点介绍了液膜凝胶化、复合涂层、界面聚合和等离子体涂层技术、亲水和疏水复合材料以及离子交换膜等方法在支撑液膜稳定性研究中的应用与结果。最后介绍了以磺化高分子为涂层的复合膜材料在液膜稳定性提高方面的优势与缺点,探讨了采用复合亲水性膜材料在支撑液膜与膜萃取过程中利用膜接触器技术实现液膜稳定性的可能性,阐述了磺化高分子为主体的共混膜材料提高液膜稳定性的可能性,为提高液膜的稳定性提供了思路。指出基于磺化高分子的膜材料将在贵重金属离子与能源金属离子的分离与纯化中得到广泛的应用。
The supporting liquid film is a highly efficient separation technique that combines the membrane material with the extraction system. However, during use, the solvent and the extraction carrier are lost from the porous support and the porous membrane material is not stable in the organic phase carrier, leading to a decrease in the attenuation or selectivity of the supporting liquid membrane flux, the support liquid film to appear unstable, No industrialized success stories yet. In this paper, the mechanism of instability of supporting liquid film is briefly introduced. From the perspective of film material, the methods to improve the stability of supporting liquid film are reviewed. The applications and results of liquid film gelation, composite coating, interfacial polymerization and plasma coating technology, hydrophilic and hydrophobic composite materials and ion exchange membranes on the stability of supported liquid films are mainly introduced. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of the composite membrane materials coated with sulfonated polymers on the stability improvement of the liquid film are introduced. The membrane contact technology using the composite hydrophilic membrane material in the support liquid membrane and membrane extraction process is discussed The possibility of realizing the stability of the liquid film, the possibility of improving the stability of the liquid film by the sulfonated polymer as the main blending membrane material, and providing the ideas for improving the stability of the liquid film. It is pointed out that the membrane material based on sulfonated polymer will be widely used in the separation and purification of precious metal ions and energy metal ions.