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模拟空间环境是现阶段开展航天心理学研究的最主要手段之一。本文从任务设定、研究内容和研究方法 3个方面,分析了包括火星-500(Mars-500)在内的6个模拟航天任务心理学研究。6个任务的环境设定各有特点,覆盖了从近地轨道到火星探索等不同时程和类型的航天任务,并将跨文化乘组和通讯延迟等因素设计在内。航天员情绪、认知变化,乘组的人际关系与内部凝聚力、自治情况成为模拟任务研究的重点。问卷、访谈、日志分析、计算机化测试、行为观察分析等研究方法在各任务中有不同程度的使用。今后,我国可以在乘组人际互动和人际关系、团队构成对人际互动和关系的作用、个体情绪变化规律和调节措施、个体高级认知功能变化等几方面开展中长期航天任务模拟研究。
Simulating the space environment is one of the most important means to carry out aerospace psychology research at this stage. In this paper, six missions of psychology, including Mars-500, are analyzed from the aspects of mission setting, research contents and research methods. Each of the six missions has its own set of environmental settings that cover space missions of varying durations and types, ranging from near-Earth orbit to Mars exploration, with factors such as cross-cultural grouping and delays in communications. Astronaut emotions, cognitive changes, group interpersonal relationships and internal cohesion, autonomy has become the focus of the simulation mission. Questionnaires, interviews, log analysis, computerized testing, behavioral observation and analysis of research methods in various tasks have different degrees of use. In the future, our country can carry out long-term and long-term aerospace mission simulation research in the aspects of interpersonal interaction and interpersonal relationship in riding group, the role of team formation in interpersonal interaction and relationship, the regulation and regulation of individual emotions and the changes in cognitive function of individuals.