东汉末年,以外戚、宦官为代表的恶势力导致了小农经济的日益破产,引起巨大的社会动荡。为挽救社会危机,士大夫集团开始奋起反抗,站在士大夫一边的太学生(政府公立的最高行政学院的学生)与士大夫一起品评士人,激扬气节,形成巨大的社会舆论,这就是清议。张俭被评为“八及”(指八个可以作为楷模的人)之一,时任山阳(今属山东)东部的督邮(政 The evil forces represented by foreign relatives and eunuchs in the late Eastern Han Dynasty led to the increasingly bankruptcy of the peasant economy and caused tremendous social turmoil. To save the social crisis, the group of scholar-officials began to rise up against each other. The too-students (students from the government’s highest administrative college) standing with the doctor’s side, together with the literati, inspected the scholars, boosted integrity and formed a huge public opinion. Zhang Jian was rated as one of the “eight and ” (referring to eight people who can serve as role models), when he was Sanyang (now Shandong)