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1974年剑川鼠疫自然疫源地的发现 ,结束了中外学者对云南省是否存在鼠疫自然疫源地的长期争论 ,这在鼠疫研究史上是一次重大的突破。然而 ,由于该疫源地位于生物多样性较高、生物地理景观十分复杂的横断山中部 ,从一开始 ,在对宿主和媒介的判定、疫源地的结构以及与家鼠鼠疫的关系研究中 ,在理论与方法上提出了许多新的问题。本文根据结构与功能统一的原理 ,运用广义信息概念 ,系统地研究和阐明了该疫源地的鼠疫基本生态格局是以高山姬鼠 +褐家鼠 :棕形额蚤 +特新蚤 +人蚤 +方叶栉眼蚤群落为贮存子系统 ;大绒鼠 :方叶栉眼蚤 +特新蚤群落为流行子系统 ;松鼠鼠蚤为更替子系统。各子系统的关系是非线性的。指出自该疫源地发现以来没有明确人间病例是由该疫源地的鼠疫生态的系统性决定的 ,但如果系统进入混沌状态 ,发生人间鼠疫的可能性依然存在。同时指出虽然很多研究以实验的方法用量化的指标分析鼠疫的系统性 ,然而由于没有运用系统的概念 ,结果常常是直接、离散和互相矛盾的对表象的描述 ,而不是对各要素相互作用的分析和综合 ,从而颠倒了鼠疫的基本生态学概念
The discovery of the natural foci of Jianchuan Plague in 1974 ended the long-standing controversy between Chinese and foreign scholars on the existence of natural foci of plague in Yunnan Province. This is a major breakthrough in the history of plague research. However, since the foci are located in the central part of Hengshan Mountains, which have high biodiversity and complex biogeographical landscapes, from the very beginning, in the study on the judgment of host and vector, the structure of foci and the relationship with the plague , Put forward many new problems in theory and method. Based on the principle of uniform structure and function, this paper systematically studies and clarifies the basic ecological pattern of plague in this area based on the principle of uniform structure and function. The basic ecological pattern of plague in this area is that of Apodemus agrarius + Rattus norvegicus: + Square leaf flea community for the storage subsystem; Mudgery: square leaf flea + special flea community as a popular subsystem; squirrel flea as a replacement subsystem. The relationship between the various subsystems is nonlinear. Pointed out that the absence of a clear human case since the discovery of the epidemic area was systematically determined by the plague ecology of the epidemic area. However, if the system enters the chaotic state, the possibility of human plague will still exist. At the same time, it is pointed out that although many studies analyze the systematicness of plague quantitatively using experimental methods, the results are often direct, discrete and contradictory descriptions of representations, rather than interacting with the elements, because of the lack of a systematic concept Analysis and synthesis, thus reversing the basic ecological concept of plague