一、普遍实行股份制发达国家的国有企业实行的是股份制。国家是国有企业的股份持有者。作为股东，是通过任免企业董事长、参与企业董事会，以及同企业签订计划合同等措施来控制国有企业的发展方向和经营方针的。至于企业的日常经营活动则不加干预，实行企业自治管理，自主经营 First, the common practice of state-owned enterprises in the joint-stock developed countries is the joint-stock system. The state is the holder of the shares of state-owned enterprises. As a shareholder, it is through the appointment and dismissal of the chairman of the board, participation in the board of directors of the enterprise, and the signing of plans and contracts with enterprises to control the development direction and management policies of state-owned enterprises. As for the daily business activities of enterprises without intervention, the implementation of enterprise self-management, self-employed