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目的描述北京市2010年城区成年人的能量摄入状况,分析其影响因素。方法以分层整群随机抽样的方法抽取了4个城区732户居民,以3d24h回顾和称重法相结合的方法获得能量摄入量,对18岁及以上且每日能量摄入量≥500Kcal的居民数据进行分析。结果 1842名调查对象平均每日摄入能量(1671.7±576.2)Kcal,碳水化合物、脂肪、蛋白质供能比分别为52.1%、34.8%、13.1%,谷类、蔬果、动物性食物、速食、糕点饮料提供的能量比例分别为41.1%、5.7%、17.0%、5.3%、6.2%,早餐、中餐、晚餐及零食提供的能量比例分别为28.5%、33.9%、32.3%、5.3%。男性平均每日能量摄入量、谷类供能比高于女性,而蔬果、糕点饮料供能比低于女性;60岁及以上居民碳水化合物供能比高于、脂肪供能比低于60岁以下居民;经济状况较好、文化程度较高的居民来自动物性食品和糕点饮料的能量更多,来自谷类的更少,其碳水化合物供能比相对低而脂肪供能比相对高。结论北京市城区成年人平均每日能量摄入量较低,谷类是最主要的能量来源,三大营养素供能比不尽合理,三餐能量分配较合理,性别、年龄、体型、经济状况、文化程度是能量或其来源的影响因素。
Objective To describe the energy intake of urban adults in Beijing in 2010 and analyze the influencing factors. Methods A total of 732 inhabitants in 4 urban areas were sampled by stratified cluster sampling. Energy intake was obtained by a combination of 3d24h review and weighing method. For those aged 18 years and older with daily energy intake ≥500Kcal Resident data for analysis. Results The average daily energy intake of 1842 subjects (1671.7 ± 576.2) Kcal was 52.1%, 34.8% and 13.1% for carbohydrates, fat and protein, respectively. Cereals, fruits and vegetables, animal food, fast food and pastry The proportions of energy provided by beverages were 41.1%, 5.7%, 17.0%, 5.3% and 6.2% respectively. The energy provided by breakfast, lunch, dinner and snacks was 28.5%, 33.9%, 32.3% and 5.3% respectively. Men’s average daily energy intake, cereal energy ratio higher than women, and fruits and vegetables, cakes and beverages than the lower than the energy supply; residents aged 60 and over carbohydrate energy ratio is higher than the fat to energy than the age of 60 Residents; Better-educated, more-educated residents come from animal foods and pastry drinks with more energy, fewer from grains, a lower carbohydrate-to-energy ratio and a higher fat to energy ratio. Conclusion The average daily energy intake of urban adults in Beijing is relatively low. Cereals are the most important source of energy. The ratio of energy supplied by the three nutrients is not reasonable, and the energy distribution of meals is more reasonable. The sex, age, body shape, economic status, Literacy is the influencing factor of energy or its source.