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近几年来,在上呼吸道感染中,产生β-内酰胺酶的革兰阴性厌氧菌明显增多,此与青霉素在抗感染中的失败率增加有直接关系。这类细菌主要包括:类杆菌属、梭形杆菌属、消化道链球菌,其中产黑色素类杆菌、口腔类杆菌、梭形杆菌最重要,可引起慢性中耳炎、慢性乳突炎、慢性鼻窦炎、慢性复发性扁桃体炎和肺脓肿。这些细菌来源于正常口腔菌丛,多藏在扁桃体、舌的缝隙和齿龈下缺氧的地方,在这里,厌氧菌的数量明显多于需氧菌,两者之比10:1。
In recent years, there has been a clear increase in gram-negative anaerobes producing β-lactamase in upper respiratory tract infections, which is directly related to the increased failure rate of penicillin in anti-infectives. Such bacteria include: Bacteroides, Fusobacterium genus, Streptococcus digestive tract, which produces melanobacteria, oral Bacillus, Fusobacterium most important, can cause chronic otitis media, chronic mastoiditis, chronic sinusitis, Chronic recurrent tonsillitis and lung abscess. These bacteria come from the normal oral flora, and more hidden in the tonsils, tongue gap and subgingival hypoxia, where the number of anaerobic bacteria significantly more than aerobic bacteria, the ratio of the two 10: 1.