文天祥,字宋瑞,号文山,1236年生于江西庐陵(今江西吉安南)淳化乡富田村的一个地主家庭。其父爱读书,也很重视孩子们的学业,设法聘名师就教。文天祥无论寒暑都要在贴满格言警句的书斋中与弟弟一起诵读、写作、谈古论今。18岁时,文天祥获庐陵乡校考试第一名,20岁入吉州(今江西吉安)白鹭洲书院读书,同年即中选吉州贡士,随父前往临安(今杭州)应试。在殿试中,他作“御试策”切中时弊,提出改革方案,表 Wen Tianxiang, the word Song Rui, No. Wenshan, was born in 1236 in Luling, Jiangxi (now Jiangxi Ji’an South) Futian Village, Chunhua Township, a landlord family. His father love reading, but also attaches great importance to the children’s studies, trying to hire a teacher to teach. Wen Tienhsiang, both summer and winter, must be placarded with aphorisms in his study with his brother read, write, talk about ancient this. At the age of 18, Wen Tianxiang won first place in the examination of Luling Township School. At the age of 20, he went to Bailuzhou College in Ji Zhou (now Jiangxi Ji’an) for study. In the same year, he selected Jizhou Gongshi and went to Lin’an (now Hangzhou) for examination. In the temple examination, he made “imperial test” cut the current shortcomings, put forward the reform plan, table