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引言五十多年前就发现腺甙具有明显的降压、镇静、解痉和血管扩张作用。这段时间内对腺甙及其前体腺甙酸类提出的生理作用的种数已经大大增加。也已鉴定了细胞外的腺甙受体和腺甙酸受体。腺甙受体在许多细胞中似与腺甙酸环化酶相联接,而腺甙酸受体则可能控制着离子流。近年来已采用各种腺甙类似物和ATP类似物来对这些受体的功能进行研究。腺甙类似物包括2-氯腺甙、6-烃基腺甙、腺甙的5′-乙基(或环丙基)羧酰胺、1-甲基异鸟甙、2′,5′-二脱氧腺甙和5′-甲
Introduction Fifty years ago adenosine was found to have significant antihypertensive, sedative, antispasmodic and vasodilative effects. The number of physiological effects on adenosine and its precursors has been greatly increased during this period. Extracellular adenosine receptors and adenosine receptors have also been identified. Adenosine receptors appear to be linked to adenylate cyclase in many cells, whereas adenosine receptors may control the ion flux. In recent years, various adenosine analogs and ATP analogues have been used to study the function of these receptors. Adenosine analogues include 2-chloroadenosine, 6-alkyl adenosine, 5’-ethyl (or cyclopropyl) carboxamide of adenosine, 1-methylisoguanidine, 2 ’, 5’-dideoxy Adenosine and 5’-A