优良品种是粮食增产的基础,而正确的育种方向对选育优良品种至关重要。根据河南省情和粮食生产实际,利用粮食生产统计数据,对河南省粮食生产现状和影响因素进行分析。结果表明,河南省粮食总产增长主要是依赖粮食单产的增长,而且主要是由小麦、玉米产量的增长实现的。气象灾害频繁,抗灾能力不强;化肥投入过量,物质转化效率下降,农业面源污染加剧。耕地质量和分布不平衡,中低产田具有增产潜力。作物育种过程中重视产量性状,忽视相关性状;种质资源狭窄,导致主导品种单一。由于农村劳动力转移,种粮人数减少,在此基础上,提出了高产性、高效性、适应性、抗逆性、专用性和安全性的作物育种方向。通过育种方向的调整,提高粮食作物育种水平,培育优良品种,实现粮食生产的土地集约利用、物质集约节本、劳动集约替代、环境集约减损、技术集约高效,促进粮食生产持续稳定发展。 Good variety is the basis of grain yield increase, and the correct breeding direction is very important for breeding fine varieties. According to the situation of Henan Province and the actual situation of grain production, the status quo and influential factors of grain production in Henan Province are analyzed based on the statistical data of grain production. The results show that the overall growth of grain output in Henan Province is mainly dependent on the growth of grain yield per unit area, mainly due to the increase of output of wheat and corn. Frequent meteorological disasters and weak disaster resilience; excessive input of chemical fertilizers, a decline in material conversion efficiency and aggravating of agricultural non-point source pollution. The quality and distribution of arable land is unbalanced, and the middle and low yield fields have potential for increasing production. The importance of yield traits in crop breeding is neglected, while the germplasm resources are narrow, resulting in a single dominant species. Due to the shift of rural labor force and the reduction of the number of grain-growing people, the direction of crop breeding was put forward on the basis of high productivity, high efficiency, adaptability, resistance, specialization and safety. Through the adjustment of breeding direction, the level of food crop breeding is improved, the fine varieties are cultivated, the land intensive utilization of grain production, intensive material saving, intensive labor substitution, environmental derogation, intensive and efficient technology are promoted, and the sustained and steady development of grain production is promoted.