“主”是早期文明由神到帝演进中的一个中间阶段,这一演进在中国、地中海、印度各有特色,主-Lord-Bhagavān分别为三大文化关于主的主要词汇。演进结果,地中海出现一神论的上帝,Lord也成为上帝的称谓,在印度,有的主完全上升到帝位,有的却没有。在中国,主未能上升到宗教的帝位,却转进到政治上的帝王。这一不同结果的原因在于,由神到帝演进的终段在轴心时代,三大文化都产生了哲学思想,宗教在与哲学的互动中受其影响。 “Lord” is an intermediate stage in the evolution of early civilization from god to emperor. This evolution has its own characteristics in China, the Mediterranean and India. Lord-Bhagavān is the main vocabulary of the three major cultures respectively. As a result of the evolution, the monotheistic God appeared in the Mediterranean, and Lord became the title of God. In India, some of the Lord completely rose to the throne, while others did not. In China, the Lord failed to rise to the throne of religion, but turned to the political king. The reason for this different result is that at the end of the evolution from God to Emperor, in the era of the Axis, the three major cultures all had their philosophical thoughts, and religion was influenced by their interaction with philosophy.