目的了解山东疫苗案发生后不同时点儿童家长的预防接种态度,为有针对性的开展预防接种健康教育提供参考。方法在疫苗案发生后的2016年4月、5月和8月,按照系统抽样的方法在安徽省预防接种信息化系统中抽取0~23月龄儿童家长,开展预防接种态度的电话调查。结果 3个时点共调查600名儿童家长,文化程度以初中及以上为主,家长获取信息的渠道集中于网络和电视等视频类信息。知晓山东疫苗案的儿童家长在第一次调查中占93.5%,第二次调查中占98.5%,第三次调查中占89.5%。认为疫苗安全的家长在第一次调查中占38.5%,在第二次调查中占54.5%,第三次调查中占69.5%(χ~2=80.1,P<0.05)。愿意继续接种二类疫苗的家长在第一次调查中占24.1%,第二次调查中占26.4%,第三次调查中占69.8%(χ~2=113.5,P<0.001)。结论媒体的负面报道给预防接种工作造成的不良影响深远,需引起关注。应加强基层预防接种人员队伍建设,开展家长课堂,强调社区沟通,重视网络预防接种知识健康教育。 Objective To understand the vaccination attitude of parents of children at different time points after the occurrence of Shandong vaccine and to provide a reference for carrying out preventive health education. Methods In April, May and August 2016 after the vaccine case, parents of children aged 0 ~ 23 months were collected from the information system of vaccination in Anhui Province according to the method of systematic sampling to carry out a telephone survey on vaccination attitude. Results A total of 600 children and their parents were surveyed at three time points. The educational level was mainly at junior high school and above. Parents’ access to information was concentrated on video and other information in the network and television. 93.5% of the parents of children who knew the Shandong vaccine case were in the first survey, 98.5% in the second survey and 89.5% in the third survey. Parents who considered vaccine safety accounted for 38.5% in the first survey, 54.5% in the second survey, and 69.5% in the third survey (χ ~ 2 = 80.1, P <0.05). Parents wishing to continue with the second-class vaccine accounted for 24.1% in the first survey, 26.4% in the second survey and 69.8% in the third survey (χ ~ 2 = 113.5, P <0.001). Conclusion Negative media reports have far-reaching effects on vaccination work, requiring attention. The construction of grassroots vaccination staff should be strengthened, parents’ classroom should be carried out, community communication should be emphasized, and networked vaccination knowledge and health education should be emphasized.