Background: The prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is high among individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in China.Both HIV and HBV can be treated with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and lamivudine (3TC), so we evaluated the safety and efficacy of combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) that included TDF, 3TC, and efavirenz (EFV) among ART-naive individuals who were co-infected with HIV and HBV.Methods: One hundred HIV/HBV co-infected ARV-naive individuals were started on the regimen ofTDF, 3TC, and EFV, and the levels of plasma HBV DNA, HIV RNA, and biochemical evaluation related to the function of liver and kidney were analyzed.Results: Concing efficacy, this study found that by week 48, the vast majority co-infected participants receiving this ART regimen had undetectable HBV DNA levels (71％) and/or HIV RNA levels (90％).Concing safety, this study found that the median estimated glomerular filtration rate of participants decreased from baseline (109 ml·min-1· 1.73 m-2) to week 12 (104 ml·min-1· 1.73 m-2) but was almost back to baseline at week 48 (1 1 1 ml·min-1· 1.73 m-2).Conclusion: This combination ART regimen is safe and effective for patients with HIV/HBV co-infection.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01751555;https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01751555.