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目的分析煤矿井下矿工的尿液隐血情况,探讨血尿的来源、形成机制及防治对策。方法采用回顾性分析方法,收集2013年5月至6月期间两家煤矿的4 372例井下工人的尿液标本,与地面健康查体的1 884例尿液标本对比,经尿液化学分析仪筛查和显微镜人工复检,比较井下与地面工人的隐血阳性率差别。结果煤矿井下职工尿隐血436例,阳性率为9.97%,隐血1+及以上的占98.17%,同时伴蛋白尿者占9.40%;地面其他行业健康查体人群尿隐血122例,阳性率为6.47%。两者在尿隐血阳性率、隐血程度分布及蛋白尿阳性率方面相比,差异均有统计学意义(χ2=19.82、156.24、17.02,P<0.01)。结论血尿程度和高温高湿环境下重体力劳动有关。随着矿井开采日益加深,井下高温高湿的极端工作环境日益增多,职业病防治工作中应加强对井下矿工尿液常规的隐血监测。
Objective To analyze the occult blood of miners in coal mines and explore the origin, formation mechanism and prevention and cure measures of hematuria. Methods A retrospective analysis method was used to collect urine samples from 4 372 underground workers in two coal mines from May to June 2013. The urine samples were compared with the urine samples from 1 884 urine samples collected from the ground health checkups. Screening and microscopic manual review, comparing underground workers and ground workers occult blood positive rate difference. Results 436 urolithiasis in coal mine workers, the positive rate was 9.97%, occult blood 1+ and above accounted for 98.17%, accompanied by proteinuria accounted for 9.40%; other industries on the ground health survey of urine occult blood 122 cases, the positive rate was 6.47 %. There was a significant difference in urinary occult blood positive rate, occult blood level and proteinuria positive rate (χ2 = 19.82, 156.24, 17.02, P <0.01). Conclusion The degree of hematuria is related to heavy manual labor under high temperature and high humidity. With the deepening of mine exploitation, the extreme working environment of underground high temperature and humidity is increasing day by day. Occupational disease prevention and treatment should strengthen routine occult blood monitoring of underground miners.