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进入19世纪以后,资本主义国家机器大工业生产的价格低廉的商品和坚船利炮,摧毁了一道又一道民族闭关自守的屏障。在这一过程中,东北亚地区成为构筑世界市场体系的最后环节,人口众多、地大物博的中国首当其冲。经过两次鸦片战争,中国被迫与列强签订了一系列不平等条约,开放门户,被强制性地纳入世界资本主义市场体系。鸦片战争拉响了欧美列强进入东北亚的警报,对朝鲜君臣造成了不小的震动。一、第一次鸦片战争与朝鲜君臣的反应朝鲜获取对外情报的渠道,是每年派往中国的燕行使节回国后的口头报告或"闻见
After the 19th century, the cheap commodities and the gunboats produced by the machine-large industries in the capitalist countries destroyed one national barrier after another. In this process, Northeast Asia has become the last link in building a world market system. China, with a large population and huge territory, will bear the brunt of the process. After two opium wars, China was forced to sign a series of unequal treaties with the powers, open the door and be forced into the world capitalist market system. The Opium War sounded the alarm that European and American powers entered into Northeast Asia and caused no small shock to North Korean monarchs. I. The First Opium War and the Reaction of Korean Monarchs North Korea’s access to external intelligence is an oral report after its return to China every year.