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历史上曾出现过“Post—Modern”一词,不过其含义与今天大不相同。1976年,丹尼尔·贝尔开始用这个词专指那些立意打破传统的艺术家、作家和哲学家。他给这个词下的定义是:“后现代主义所遵循的发展路线也就是现代主义合乎逻辑的发展的最终目标。”这是对的。只有当它和“现代主义”组成一个连续体时才有意义。而且在一些艺术部类中,例如在绘画中,二者的界线很难划分。 就字面意义而言,“后现代主义”起源于文学,而不是源于绘画。就象雅克·德里达所说:精神器官的结构要由书写器官来表达。这和十九世纪下半叶,几乎所有的“主义”都起源于绘画形成鲜明对照。但是,这似乎只是一种表面现象。虽然从时间表上看绘画的后现代主义要比文学的后现代主义晚出20年,但文学中的后现代主义早就从绘画的现代主义的文化要素中汲取了不少的东西。艺术的相互影响有时是非常隐蔽和微妙的。 现实主义作家亨利·詹姆斯在小说《金碗》的序言中说,“再现”是他写作的一个“不可抑制的目标”。但这种目标在许多后现代主义作家那里已经消失。巴塞尔于1976年所出版的《白雪公主》就是如此。评论家一致认为,它试图探索的不是现实世界,而是语言本身。“《白雪公主》逻辑上的不可能性是通过一种有计划、
The word “Post-Modern” has appeared in history, but its meaning is very different from what it is today. In 1976, Daniel Bell began to use the term to refer specifically to artists, writers and philosophers who sought to break the tradition. He defined the term as follows: “The development path followed by postmodernism is the ultimate goal of the logical development of modernism.” This is right. It makes sense only if it forms a continuum with “modernism.” And in some art genres, such as painting, the boundaries between the two are hard to classify. Literally, “postmodernism” originated in literature, not in painting. As Jacques Derrida said: The structure of the organ is to be written by writing the organ. In the second half of the nineteenth century, almost all “doctrines” originated in sharp contrast to painting. However, this seems to be only a superficial phenomenon. Although the postmodernist painting in terms of timetable is 20 years behind post-modernism in literature, postmodernism in literature has long drawn a lot from the modernist cultural elements of painting. The interaction of art is sometimes very subtle and subtle. Realism writer Henry James said in the preface to the novel The Golden Bowl that Reappearance is an “undeniable goal” of his writing. But such goals have vanished in many postmodern writers. That was the case with Snow White, published by Basel in 1976. Critics agree that what it is trying to explore is not the real world, but the language itself. The “Snow White” logical impossibility is through a planned,