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急性前髓细胞性白血病或急性早幼粒细胞白血病(APL)是一种特殊类型的血液系统恶性克隆性疾病,其特点是异常早幼粒细胞无限增殖伴分化受阻,是白血病中最危重的一种类型。95%以上的APL患者具有(t15;17)染色体异常,形成PML/RAR融合基因,几乎存在于所有的APL细胞中,成为APL细胞的一个特异性标志,是APL发病重要分子基础。自从全反式维甲酸(ATRA)成功用于临床诱导APL分化以来,对诱导分化剂的作用机制的研究已取得很大的进展。本文主要对APL细胞遗传学和分子生物学特征、发病机制、诱导分化机制、分化后细胞表型变化等方面对APL细胞诱导分化实验的研究进展进行综述。
Acute promyelocytic leukemia or acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a special type of malignant clonal disease of the hematological system characterized by an abnormal proliferation of promyelocytes with obstructive proliferation and the most critical of leukemias Kind of type More than 95% of APL patients have (t15; 17) chromosomal abnormalities, forming PML / RAR fusion gene, which exists in almost all APL cells and becomes a specific marker of APL cells, which is an important molecular basis of APL. Since all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) has been successfully used in the clinical induction of APL differentiation, great progress has been made in the study of the mechanism of action of differentiation-inducing agents. This review summarizes the research progress of APL cell differentiation and differentiation in aspects of the characteristics of APL cytogenetics and molecular biology, the pathogenesis, the mechanism of induced differentiation and the phenotypic changes after differentiation.