风疹是由风疹病毒引起的急性呼吸道传染病，风疹感染包括先天性感染和后天获得性感染，后者症状轻微，而前者类型复杂。风疹的流行病学重要性在于妇女早期妊娠感染风疹病毒后，不论发生显性或不显性感染，均可导致以婴儿先天性缺陷为主的先天性风疹综合征（Collg～lRubellaSrpd Rubella is an acute respiratory infection caused by rubella virus, and rubella infections include both congenital and acquired acquired infections, with mild symptoms of the latter and complex types of the former. The epidemiological importance of rubella lies in the fact that rubella virus infection in women’s early pregnancy, regardless of the occurrence of dominant or insignificant infections, can lead to congenital rubella syndrome with congenital defects in infants (Collg ~ Rubella Srpd