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贸易的全球化对人类环境产生了重要的影响,碳泄漏问题成为环境与贸易冲突在气候变化领域中的体现。本文以投入产出法为基础建立经济模型,计算了1997～2007年中美贸易对气候变化的影响。结果表明,中美贸易使得美国的CO2排放量减少了2%～4%,中国增加了14%～20%,全球增加了2%～4%。因此,在设计国际气候制度时应考虑国际贸易的影响,美国应该为中国的部分CO2排放负责,中国应提高工业部门能源效率,改善出口商品结构并且在环境与贸易利益方面做出权衡取舍。
The globalization of trade has had a significant impact on the human environment. The problem of carbon leakage has become a reflection of the environment and trade conflicts in the field of climate change. Based on the input-output method, this paper establishes an economic model and calculates the impact of Sino-U.S. Trade on climate change from 1997 to 2007. The results show that Sino-U.S. Trade has resulted in a 2% to 4% reduction in U.S. CO2 emissions, an increase of 14% -20% in China and a 2% -4% increase in the world. Therefore, the impact of international trade should be considered when designing the international climate system. The United States should be responsible for some of China’s CO2 emissions. China should improve energy efficiency in the industrial sector, improve the structure of export commodities and make trade-offs between environment and trade.