1978年,美国生物学家Murashige首先提出了人工种子的概念。80年代初,美、日、法相继开展了植物人工种子的研究。目前,美国已研制了胡萝卜、苜蓿、芹菜、花椰菜、莴苣、花旗松等植物的人工种子。法国除了苜蓿、胡萝卜以外,还研制了天竺葵、山茶、西红柿等。欧洲共同体尤里卡的高技术发展计划,也把人工种子列为重点研究课题。日本重点研制了蔬菜和水稻等作物的人工种子。我国自1985年以来,在国家科学技术委员会及其专家委员会的领导下,也将此项研究列为国家高技术发展的课题,并在胡萝卜、芹菜、棉花、西洋参、黄连、云杉等十几种植物的人工种子研制方面取得了可喜的进展。总之,植物人工种子作为一种新兴的生物技术得到了国内外的广泛重视,在农业方面有着巨大的前景。特别应该指出,人工种子的研制和利 In 1978, American biologist Murashige first proposed the concept of artificial seeds. In the early 1980s, the United States, Japan and France have carried out the study of plant artificial seeds. At present, the United States has developed artificial seeds of plants such as carrots, alfalfa, celery, cauliflower, lettuce and Douglas fir. France in addition to alfalfa, carrots, but also developed geraniums, camellias, tomatoes and so on. The high-tech development plan of the European Community Eureka has also listed artificial seeds as a key research topic. Japan focused on the development of artificial seeds such as vegetables and rice crops. Since 1985, under the leadership of the State Science and Technology Commission and its expert committees, China has also listed this study as a topic for the development of high technology in the country. In addition, China has made great achievements in such fields as carrots, celery, cotton, ginseng, berberine, Planting artificial seeds has made encouraging progress. In short, plant artificial seeds as a new biotechnology has gained widespread attention both at home and abroad, with great prospects in agriculture. In particular, it should be pointed out that the development and utilization of artificial seeds