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基于黏土心墙坝的漫顶溃决机理,提出一个模拟其溃决过程的数学模型.该模型基于坝体形状和漫顶水流特征确定下游坡冲蚀时的初始冲坑位置,采用宽顶堰流量公式计算溃口流量,并利用溯源冲刷公式模拟坝壳料的冲蚀;通过力矩平衡法与力学平衡法分别模拟了心墙的倾倒破坏与剪切破坏;为了模拟实际溃坝情况,模型考虑了坝体的单侧冲蚀、两侧冲蚀及坝基的冲蚀;采用按时间步长迭代的数值计算方法模拟溃坝时的水土耦合过程.选择国内外10个具有实测资料的心墙坝漫顶溃坝案例对模型进行验证,通过比对峰值流量、溃口最终宽度及溃坝历时等参数发现,模型计算结果与实测值的相对误差可满足工程需求,验证了模型的合理性.
Based on the catastrophic collapse mechanism of clay core wall dam, a mathematical model to simulate its collapse process is proposed, which is based on the shape of the dam and the characteristics of the overpressure water flow, The collapse flow was calculated and the erosive erosion of the dam shell material was simulated by traceability scouring equation. The collapse and shear failure of the core wall were simulated respectively by the moment balance method and the mechanical balance method. In order to simulate the actual dam breakage, The erosion on both sides and the erosion of the dam foundation are simulated.The soil-water coupling process at the time of dam failure is simulated by the iterative numerical calculation method of time step.Therefore, Dam case to verify the model. By comparing the peak flow, the final width of the breach and the duration of the dam breach, it is found that the relative error between the calculated result and the measured value can meet the engineering requirements and the rationality of the model is verified.