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目的探讨心理因素(心理需求、工作自主度、社会支持等方面)对坐位人群下背痛(LBP)的影响,为提出合理的心理干预措施提供依据。方法选取北京、深圳、佛山3地的电子流水线行业、缝纫行业、制鞋行业等坐位作业人员536人为研究对象,采用自主研发的肌肉骨骼问卷调查肌肉骨骼疾患情况,心理状况调查采用工作内容量表(JCQ)中的部分内容,对选取的工人进行横断面调查,并对可能的危险因素进行多因素logistic回归分析。结果按α=0.05水准,以反映心理因素的22个指标与LBP年患病指标利用logistic回归模型进行多因素综合分析。结果显示,5项心理因素指标与LBP的患病有统计学关联,体现在LBP与高的心理需要存在相关,工作要求具有较强的能力或技术及工作要求学习新的事物两个因素自评感觉越为赞同者,其患LBP的风险越高;在工作小组中自评低影响力的人患LBP的概率是自评高影响力的工人的5.08倍(OR=5.08,95%CI=1.338~19.282,P=0.017);低同事支持(OR=6.254,95%CI=1.973~19.823,P=0.002)和低管理者支持(OR=3.512,95%CI=1.258~9.804,P=0.016)会增加患LBP的风险。结论社会心理因素对于LBP的患病产生一定程度的影响,其作为危险因素或是保护因素的验证还需进一步的研究。
Objective To explore the influence of psychological factors (psychological needs, job autonomy, social support, etc) on lower back pain (LBP) in sitting people and to provide evidence for proposing reasonable psychological intervention measures. Methods A total of 536 people in the electronic assembly line industry, sewing industry and footwear industry in Beijing, Shenzhen and Foshan were enrolled in this study. Musculoskeletal disorders were investigated using a self-developed musculoskeletal questionnaire. (JCQ) part of the selected workers were cross-sectional survey, and possible risk factors by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results According to the level of α = 0.05, the multivariate analysis was made by logistic regression with 22 indicators reflecting the psychological factors and the LBP annual prevalence index. The results showed that the five psychological factors and the prevalence of LBP were statistically related, reflected in the LBP and high psychological needs exist, the work requires a strong ability or skills and work requirements to learn new things, two factors from the evaluation The more likely they felt, the higher the risk of LBP. The probability of self-rated low-impact LBP in the working group was 5.08 times higher than that of self-rated high-impact workers (OR = 5.08, 95% CI = 1.338 (OR = 5.254, 95% CI = 1.973-19.823, P = 0.002) and low management support (OR = 3.512, 95% CI = 1.258-9.804, P = 0.017) Will increase the risk of LBP. Conclusion Psychosocial factors have a certain impact on the prevalence of LBP, as a risk factor or verification of protective factors needs further study.