在解剖学、胚胎学,妇产科及小儿科的历史上向来注意先天性畸形及变异,特别在中华民族文化高度发达,人民生活水平日益提高,优生优育、提高人口素质成为国计民生的大事的今天,研究先天性畸形及变异发生原因,对产前诊断,指导计划生育则更为重要。但历发展的绝大多数报道,都是以外观畸形,系统畸形或联体畸形分别出现。此 In the history of anatomy, embryology, obstetrics and gynecology and pediatrics, we have always paid attention to the congenital malformations and mutations. In particular, with the highly developed Chinese culture, the ever-increasing standard of living of the people, the prenatal and postnatal care, and the improvement of population quality, Study of congenital malformations and causes of variation, prenatal diagnosis, guidance of family planning is even more important. However, the vast majority of reports of development are based on the appearance of deformity, systematic deformity or conjoint deformity respectively. this