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光热疗法(photothermal therapy,PTT)作为一种新型的肿瘤治疗技术,由于其对肿瘤高效的消除能力和对正常组织极低的伤害,近年来受到了强烈的关注。在过去的十余年中,许多无机光热转换材料,尤其是金和碳的纳米材料,已经被报道广泛用于光热治疗的研究中。随着纳米技术和纳米材料的发展,光热试剂的种类和性能也得到不断提升。在光热治疗优异疗效的激励下,人们越来越关心其走向临床应用的可能。近年来出现的一些新型有机光热转换试剂,因为其能够克服无机材料不可生物降解的特点而得到快速地发展。本文主要综述了最近几年发展起来的几种典型的有机光热转换纳米材料,包括小分子染料类、超分子复合物类以及共轭聚合物类,介绍了它们应用在肿瘤光热治疗的研究,并简单描述了成像指导下的光热治疗以及联合治疗方面的应用。最后,总结了现有的有机光热试剂的种类,指出其研究发展方向,分析了光热疗法目前面临的难题与挑战,及其走向临床应用的前景。
Photothermal therapy (PTT), as a new type of oncology treatment, has drawn great attention in recent years due to its high tumor elimination ability and low damage to normal tissues. In the past ten years, many inorganic photothermal conversion materials, especially gold and carbon nanomaterials, have been reported widely used in photothermal therapy research. With the development of nanotechnology and nanomaterials, the types and properties of photothermal agents have also been continuously improved. Inspired by the excellent curative effect of photothermal therapy, people are more and more concerned about the possibility of their clinical application. In recent years, some new organic photothermal conversion reagents have been rapidly developed because of their ability to overcome the non-biodegradable properties of inorganic materials. This review summarizes several typical organic photothermal conversion nanomaterials, including small molecule dyes, supramolecular complexes and conjugated polymers, which have been developed in recent years. Their applications in the study of photothermal therapy of tumors , And briefly described the application of photothermal therapy under imaging guidance and combination therapy. Finally, the types of existing organic photothermal reagents are summarized, the research directions are pointed out, the challenges and challenges faced by photothermal therapy are analyzed, and the prospects for their clinical application are analyzed.