【目的】　了解和平街地区儿童血铅水平及其影响因素。　【方法】　对辖区内 3所幼儿园和 1所小学共 3 5 1名儿童进行筛查和问卷调查。　【结果】　儿童铅中毒率为 9.40 % (3 3 / 3 5 1) ,小学生血铅含量显著高于幼儿园儿童。母亲与儿童的血铅值之间的相关系数差异无显著性。单因素分析发现小学与幼儿园儿童分别受性别、年龄及母亲铅知识认知程度、常路边散步的影响。多元线性回归分析发现住房临街、常在马路边散步、经常吃铅笔头、玩玩具是导致小学生血铅升高的危险因素。男性、住房装修、住房临街、吃铅笔头是导致幼儿园儿童血铅升高的危险因素。Logistic分析发现高年龄、男性、母亲铅知识认知程度低、经常吃铅笔头、经常户外活动是导致小学生血铅升高的危险因素。　【结论】　环境因素仍是铅污染的主要因素 ,儿童的个人卫生习惯以及母亲的健康意识是重要影响因素。 【Objective】 To understand the level of blood lead in Heping Street children and its influencing factors. 【Method】 A total of 351 children from 3 kindergartens and 1 primary school in the area were screened and surveyed. 【Results】 The lead poisoning rate in children was 9.40% (3 3/3 5 1). The blood lead level in primary school children was significantly higher than that in kindergarten children. There was no significant difference in the correlation coefficient between the blood lead levels of mothers and children. Univariate analysis found that primary and kindergarten children were affected by gender, age and mother’s knowledge of lead knowledge, often roadside walking. Multivariate linear regression analysis found that housing frontage, often walking along the road, often eat pencil head, play a toy is lead to primary school students blood lead risk factors. Men, housing renovation, housing frontage, eating pencil head is leading to kindergarten children blood lead risk factors. Logistic analysis found that high age, male, mother lead knowledge of low awareness, often eat pencil head, and often outdoor activities lead to elevated blood lead risk factors. 【Conclusion】 Environmental factors are still the main factors of lead pollution. Children’s personal hygiene habits and mother’s health awareness are important factors.