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茶叶作为药用在我国历史悠久。历代中医药文献都曾有过记载。虽然古人早已认识到了茶叶的保健功能及药用价值,但因历史和科学的局限,使他们无法了解茶叶的化学成份,更不可能应用现代科学方法研究茶叶中的化学物质,并将其应用于临床。随着科学技术的飞速发展,人们运用先进方法,从茶叶中提取出生物碱(咖啡碱,茶碱和可可碱)、茶多糖,茶多酚和茶色素等药效成份。近年来,人们对茶多酚的提取及其抗肿瘤,降血脂抗动脉硬化、抗衰老,抗炎症等药理作用进行了一些研究。本文就古籍收载茶叶药用的部分记载,及茶多酚的提取工艺和防治高脂血症的有关报道,作如下概述。
Tea has a long history as a medicinal herb in our country. Historical records of Chinese medicine have been recorded. Although the ancients had long recognized the health functions and medicinal value of tea, due to the limitations of history and science, they could not understand the chemical composition of tea, and it was impossible to apply modern scientific methods to study the chemical substances in tea and apply them to them. clinical. With the rapid development of science and technology, people have used advanced methods to extract alkaloids (caffeine, theophylline and theobromine), tea polysaccharides, tea polyphenols, and tea pigments from tea leaves. In recent years, some studies have been conducted on the extraction of tea polyphenols and their pharmacological effects such as anti-tumor, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-atherogenic, anti-aging and anti-inflammatory. This article gives an overview of some of the records of medicinal tea collected in ancient books, and the extraction process of tea polyphenols and related reports on the prevention and treatment of hyperlipidemia.