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研究了饵料蛋白量对日本对虾(P.japonicus)幼虾生长、消化率、氨和尿素排泄的影响。按照同等热量主要以蟹蛋白配制了5种蛋白(21%～61%)干饵料,并且在30d中每天按体重的6%比例来投喂对虾(平均初湿重为0.4g)。在试验结束时,以蜕皮中期的对虾(湿重0.5～2.0g)用作计算干物质和蛋白质的消化率和氨与尿素的排泄率。投喂含21%和31.4%蛋白饵料的对虾的增重、特定生长率(SGR)和饵料转换率(FCE)明显地比含较高蛋白饵料要低些。投喂含41.6%、50.3%和60.7%蛋白饵料的对虾的增重、生长率和饵料转换率没有明显的差异。对于干物质和蛋白质的消化率范围分别为73%～77%和93%～96%。投喂1h以后,对于5h后积累的氨排泄量则随饵料蛋白量的增加而增加,而且氨的排泄在所有组中最初3h期间达到高峰。相反,投喂不同蛋白饵料,然后饥饿24h,对虾最初氨排泄率则保持不变约为10μg/gh~(-1),它表明这是由于各种饵料蛋白量的不同在24h饥饿时就消除了氨排泄率的差异。日本对虾的尿素排泄率比氨排泄率要低很多。结果表明:含有42%蛋白饵料在本次研究中所使用的情况下获得了日本对虾的最大生长,而且日本对虾幼虾的生长率和氨排泄之间有正相关。
The effect of dietary protein on growth, digestibility, ammonia and urea excretion of juvenile Japanese shrimp (P. japonicus) was studied. Five kinds of protein (21% -61%) dry food were prepared based on the same amount of heat mainly from crab protein, and prawn was fed at a rate of 6% of body weight per day for 30 days (average initial wet weight was 0.4 g). At the end of the experiment, mid-mollusc shrimp (wet weight 0.5-2.0 g) were used to calculate dry matter and protein digestibility and ammonia and urea excretion rates. Prawn weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR) and feed conversion efficiency (FCE) of 21% and 31.4% protein bait were significantly lower than those of the higher protein bait. There was no significant difference in weight gain, growth rate and feed conversion rate between shrimp fed 41.6%, 50.3% and 60.7% protein bait. The digestibility of dry matter and protein ranges from 73% to 77% and from 93% to 96%, respectively. After 1 h of feeding, the amount of ammonia excreted after 5 h increased with increasing amount of dietary protein, and ammonia excretion reached its peak during the first 3 h of all groups. On the contrary, feeding different protein bait and then starving for 24h, the initial ammonia excretion rate of shrimp remained unchanged at about 10μg / gh -1, which indicated that this was due to the difference in the amounts of different kinds of bait protein disappeared after 24h starvation The difference in ammonia excretion rate. Japanese shrimp urea excretion rate than the rate of ammonia excretion is much lower. The results showed that the maximum growth of Japanese shrimp was obtained with 42% protein bait used in this study, and there was a positive correlation between the growth rate of juvenile Japanese shrimp and ammonia excretion.