威廉·萨默赛特·毛姆,1874年出生在法国,1965年在法国去世,在他91岁的生命中写下了超过150部文学作品,尽管同法国有着不解之缘,但他却是英国文学史上著名的现实主义作家。现实主义出现于19世纪30年代的英法两国,之后影响了整个欧洲,成为19世纪欧美文学的主要流派。而自然主义产生于19世纪下半叶的法国。1859年,达尔文的《物种起源》发表,进化论对人们的冲击极大,受当时生物学、遗传学等自然学科和当时文学发展等诸多因素的影响,自然主义逐渐形成,同时也是现实主义发展到顶峰、求变之下的产物[1]。《人性的枷锁》是毛姆本人的半自传体小说,在现实主义创作思想的指引下,《人性的枷锁》还显现了毛姆深刻的自然主义倾向。 William Somerset Maugham, born in France in 1874 and died in France in 1965, wrote more than 150 literary works in his 91-year-old life. Despite his incomprehensible affinity with France, Is a famous writer of realism in the history of British literature. Realism appeared in Britain and France in the 1830s, then influenced the entire Europe and became the main genre of European and American literature in the 19th century. Naturalism was born in France in the second half of the 19th century. In 1859, Darwin’s “The Origin of Species” was published and the theory of evolution had a great impact on people. Influenced by many natural sciences such as biology and genetics and the development of literature at that time, naturalism gradually formed and realism developed Peak, the product of change [1]. “The shackles of humanity” is Maugham’s semi-autobiographical novels. Under the guidance of the realist creative thinking, “the yoke of humanity” also reveals Maugham’s profound naturalistic tendency.