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可持续发展与对抗全球暖化正成为全球发展的焦点与挑战。而全球城市化问题、城市贫困问题与气候变化问题之间有着密不可分的关系,在这一过程中城市规划将起决定性的作用,也在一定程度上决定着全球暖化的步伐。为了应对这一挑战,需要从政府及公共部门、私人开发商,再到普通民众的通力合作,建立新的环境与规划的立法与执法,以巩固与加强已取得的减少温室气体排放的成就。本文首先简要回顾全球暖化与城市规划的关系与发展趋势,然后概述了全球最早通过的加州政府的反暖化立法——《议院第32号法令》(AB32)的主要内容及其特点。AB32是横跨能源、环境、规划和交通等领域的一系列政策和目标,它定义了温室气体的排放源,设置了减排目标,介绍了跟踪与记录温室气体的方法。其核心对策直指受城市规划影响巨大的交通、建筑和工业领域。因此也就有了对温室气体排放的减少起着至关重要作用的区域规划立法——《加州可持续社区与气候保护法》(SB375)的诞生。文章接着解析了SB375的政策背景,主要政策构成,重点介绍了其最重要的组成部分:可持续发展的社区/城市策略,及其减排模型规划方法。
Sustainable Development and Confrontation Global warming is becoming the focus and challenge of global development. The global urbanization, urban poverty and climate change are inextricably linked. In this process, urban planning will play a decisive role and to a certain extent determine the pace of global warming. In order to meet this challenge, we need to work together from the government and the public sector, private developers and the general public to establish a new environment and planning legislation and enforcement to consolidate and strengthen the achievements made in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. This article begins with a brief review of the relationship and trends between global warming and urban planning, and then outlines the first anti-war legislation in the world adopted by the government of California, the main content and characteristics of House Decree No. 32 (AB32). AB32 is a series of policies and targets spanning energy, environment, planning and transportation. It defines the source of greenhouse gases, sets emission reduction targets and describes ways to track and record greenhouse gases. Its core strategy is directed at areas of transportation, construction and industry that are greatly affected by urban planning. As a result, regional planning legislation, the California Sustainable Community and Climate Protection Act (SB375), is playing a crucial role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The article then analyzes the SB375’s policy background, its main policy components, and highlights the most important components of the SB375: the community / city strategy for sustainable development and its mitigation modeling approach.