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本文追溯了以英国史学界为主的英帝国史学的流变。19世纪和20世纪初期,史家对帝国和殖民主义进行了最初研究。其后的英帝国史研究深受诸多思潮和方法的影响,它们包括马克思主义史学、社会人类学、1960年代的激进批评、语言转向之后的后殖民理论,以及一系列新帝国史。文章重点关注帝国史从对殖民主义的批判,到东方主义理论和后殖民理论,再到侧重于考察帝国观念和心态的转变过程。这两次转变都与底层历史息息相关,直接影响了宗主国的政治和文化。新帝国史面临种种困难,如学术建制问题,帝国史研究领域中新、旧方法的共存等。英帝国史在很大程度上是一个政治议题,20世纪英国及英帝国的社会变化和政治变化,是英帝国史学发展的重要语境。
This article traces the evolution of the British imperial historiography that predominated in British history. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, historians conducted initial studies of the empire and colonialism. Subsequent research on the history of the British Empire is deeply influenced by many trends and methods. These include Marxist historiography, social anthropology, radical criticism in the 1960s, postcolonial theory after the shift of language, and a series of neo-imperialist history. The article focuses on the history of the empire from the critique of colonialism to the theory of orientalism and postcolonial theory, and then focuses on examining the changing process of the concept and mentality of the empire. Both of these transitions are closely related to the underlying history and directly affect the politics and culture of the sovereign state. The new imperial history faces various difficulties, such as the problem of academic system and the coexistence of new and old methods in the field of imperial history research. The history of the British Empire is to a large extent a political issue. The social and political changes of the British and British imperial powers in the 20th century are important contexts for the development of the British imperialist history.