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在孔加工中,孔深与孔径之比 L/D 超过5倍的深孔,约占孔加工总数的40％。因此,深孔加工的改进,意义十分重大。众所周知,深孔加工时存在的问题是:刀杆细长,刚性差;切削液难以引入到切削区,切屑不易排出,钻尖冷却困难;切削刃上各个半径位置上切削速度变化较大,尤其是近中心处的切削速度为零,切削条件差,扭矩和轴向力大,钻进困难,且易引偏,致使刀具耐用度及生产率很低。为此,必须采取相应措施加以改进。现就深孔加工中一些问题,讨论如下:
In hole machining, deep holes with a ratio of hole depth to hole diameter L / D of more than 5 times make up about 40% of the total hole machining. Therefore, the improvement of deep hole processing is of great significance. As we all know, deep hole machining problems are: slender, poor rigidity; cutting fluid is difficult to introduce into the cutting area, the chip is not easy to discharge, the drill tip cooling difficulties; cutting edge on each radius position cutting speed changes, especially Near the center of the cutting speed is zero, poor cutting conditions, torque and axial force, drilling difficult, and easy to bias, resulting in tool durability and productivity is very low. To this end, we must take appropriate measures to be improved. Some deep hole processing problems are discussed below: